Encrypting sensitive data is crucial for protecting it from unauthorized access. Encryption transforms readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable format (ciphertext) using an algorithm and a key. Only those with the correct key can decrypt the data back into its original form.

Here’s how it works:

1. Encryption Algorithm: This is the method used to convert plaintext into ciphertext. Common algorithms include AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman).
2. Encryption Key: This is a secret value used by the algorithm to perform the encryption and decryption. It’s essential to keep this key secure.
3. Plaintext: The original, readable data that needs to be protected.
4. Ciphertext: The encrypted, unreadable version of the plaintext.

When data is encrypted, it becomes unintelligible to anyone who doesn’t have the decryption key. This ensures that even if data is intercepted or stolen, it remains protected and unusable without the key.